Journal of Humanities, Education & Social Sciences

Humanities, Education & Social Sciences

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Rethinking the Christian Concept of God and the Existence of Evil in the Universe

Umezurike J. Ezugwu, Sotonye Big-Alabo

In this article, we argue that the Christian notion that God is morally good and all-loving, and has nothing to do with evil in the universe is of colonial or Western coloration and branding. As it negates and undermines the African theory of duality and Ezumezu ontological stand point, which hold that ‘A’ and ‘B’ are not binary or diametrically opposite variables but complimentarily related variables. Drawing from these two African Thought systems, since good and evil are interconnected, and God has been established to be good, God can as well be said to be evil. This is because God is of matter and spirit and good and evil, which are in harmony with one another and cannot be separated. If the creationists (Judeo Christians), who are dualistic and monotheistic, disagree with this then, the staring question is: How is it ever the case that the perfect God, with all kinds of properties and attributes, allowed evil and terroristic activities to be thriving? We set out to address this misattribution and prejudices using Conversationalism, a method of interconnectivity and inclusivity, to argue that good and evil are not two polar values without point of convergence and harmonisation.

Mar 01, 2025 Read →

John Dewey’s Instrumentalism and Nigeria’s Educational Experience

Victor Chizi Ihunda

Nigeria’s educational experience fails to be proactive or responsive to the numerous challenges bedevilling its society. In its curriculum and pedagogy, it fails to take adequate consideration of the peculiarities of the socio-cultural reality of Nigerians. Despite the admission of the instrumental value of education in the National Policy on Education (2004) as a tool for national development, we continue to see a sheer form of non-pragmatic formalism, verbalism, legalism, and blatant mimicry of British, American, and lately Asian systems, structures, and models in our system. Some, if not all, of these educational systems, structures, and models we mimic are alien and alienating to the students, teachers, and society. Of course, there is nothing wrong with adopting functional models from other societies as the world is fast becoming a global village; the challenge lies in the failure to fine-tune and glocalize these adopted models to suit our needs and preserve our values and culture. Thus, in addressing these problems, this paper particularly advocated for the application of Dewey’s instrumentalism to the Nigerian educational experience. We, however, understand that the social, political, economic, or philosophical circumstances that might have necessitated Dewey’s concept of instrumentalism might differ in details from the Nigerian educational experience today. Nevertheless, we argued that regardless of such differences that might exist in both societies (America and Nigeria), in principle Dewey’s instrumentalism is feasible for Nigeria’s educational experience.

Mar 01, 2025 Read →

Climate Change and Maritime Security: Implications for Africa's Regional Development

Timidi, Emmanuel Tamaramiebi, Daubiri, Solomon Pere, Orusengha, Patrick Enebraye

Climate change poses a significant threat to maritime security, particularly for coastal and small island African countries. This study explores the relationship between climate change and maritime security by scrutinising the impact of ecological changes on regional stability, economic growth, and security instability across the continent. The study utilised qualitative data from various sources, including textbooks, scholarly journals, magazines, and online resources, to comprehensively understand the complex relationship between climate change and maritime security. The study investigates the implications of rising sea levels, the increased frequency of severe climate actions, and coastal corrosion on Africa's maritime territory and economic activity. The findings show that climate-induced maritime threats worsen existing security challenges, damage regional assets, and underline the pressing need for coordinated responses to maintain economic well-being, watch over vulnerable populations, and improve regional flexibility. This study bestows a growing body of literature on climate change and security, presenting meaningful recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders. These comprise attractive regional collaboration, developing global maritime security strategies, and incorporating climate adaptation measures into national and regional progress plans. African states have better organised their intelligence capabilities to tackle the challenges posed by climate change while ensuring marine security and sustainable development.

Nov 11, 2024 Read →

A Discourse on the Allegory of the Nude Female Forms in Paintings: Reading Their Contexts for Pedagogical Learning

Zeekeyi Denison Yibowei

This paper explores the roles of ‘female nude’ in paintings. It argues on the prevailing roles symbolisms were used to characterize ideas: looking at their symmetric relationships from social, monarchical, personal and mythological delivery before the period of the Willendorf’s discovery in Austria, the Etruscan period, up to the High Renaissance, and the Modern periods, ‘fetishism’ of the female body – gained notoriety amongst certain classes. Its creativity of espoused mainly patronage, but the practice was gradually becoming eroded with subjectivity delimiting influences of reimagining mythological happenings. Thus, Jacques Lacan’s theory of “the gaze” was mentioned to cause a rationale for the ‘female nude’ forms. In contrast, the triangulation of the “recognition theory”, and the Epistemic theory were respectively adopted, underscoring the functionalism of each painting as content enabled beyond ‘nudity’. The paper concludes that paintings of these kinds do not merely exist as a works of art without leaving messages to ponder on, thus heightening their role as cognitive learning devices.

Nov 11, 2024 Read →

An Ethico-Religious Discourse Of Suicide

Sotonye Big-Alabo, Umezurike J. Ezugwu

The issue of suicide is prevalent in every society and can also be traced back to antiquity. This study looks at the issue of suicide from two perspectives: the ethical and religious perspectives. Suicide is said to be death caused by harming oneself with the willingness to die. The debate on the rightness or wrongness of this action has spanned different epochs, and some perceptions see nothing wrong with such action when carried out for certain reasons, while others feel that life itself has an intrinsic value and since we don’t give life, we do not have the right to take it; in other words, the emphasis on the sanctity of life. This study employs the method of qualitative analysis. From an ethical standpoint, suicide was analysed using the principle of respect for life, the theological position, the principle of autonomy, the principle of duty to others, and the utilitarian position. Whereas, from the perspective of religion, we examined suicide using Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and other religions. The study exposes that Mosaic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) and the ethical positions of respect for life and theological position and the principle of duty to others, which are based on the idea that humans are created in God’s image and that humans have intrinsic worth, have a more pronounced position against suicide. Whereas the Eastern religions feature beliefs in and rebirth. The study posits that the principle of autonomy and utilitarian positions are clear about conditions that could permit suicide. Also, it is clear that some religions hold the view that suicide is a reflection of an underlying mental illness. As a result, some religions have softened their stance on suicidal behaviour’s impact on the afterlife.

Nov 11, 2024 Read →

Household Energy Consumption and Indoor Air Pollution in Bayelsa State: Analysis Of 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey

Ifeanyichukwu Otodo, Felix Ambienimigha

Household energy consumption and indoor air pollution have caused significant environmental and health issues. However, previous studies have mainly focused on energy sources, overlooking differences in their impact based on the rural-urban divide, especially in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. This study conducted a comparative analysis of energy consumption and indoor air pollution between rural and urban households in Bayelsa State, using energy choice theory as the framework. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, with a sample of 1004 households drawn from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS): 266 urban and 738 rural households. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square tests at P<0.05. The average age of household heads was 44.64±16.02 years in urban areas and 44.29±15.82 years in rural areas. The results showed that more rural households (59.3%) used wood for cooking, while kerosene use was higher in urban areas (39.1%). Urban households also had a greater proportion (24.8%) of those cooking indoors, compared to rural households (16.1%). There was a statistically significant relationship between energy use and indoor air pollution in rural (x²=195.705) and urban (x²=97.12) households. The study concluded that households without a separate kitchen, regardless of location, are at greater risk of indoor air pollution. It was recommended that stakeholders raise awareness of the importance of separate kitchens and support the adoption of cleaner cooking fuels.

Nov 11, 2024 Read →

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